Eddie Aikau Documentary Analysis

The film Hawaiian, The Legend of Eddie Aikau was named this way because Eddie Aikau became a person to look up to in the Hawaiian culture. Eddie Aikau, being a true Hawaiian, worked hard to protect the identity of the whole Hawaiian culture, from surfing to proving how their ancestors found Hawaii. The sport of surfing was beginning to fade in to the image that Californians and Australians were the best surfers. People did not believe that the Polynesians actually found Hawaii, most believe that they stumbled on it upon luck. The ESPN's filmmakers assumed that the audience watching this film would be into surfing so they used his surfing career to hook the audience. If PBS or the History channel were to make a documentary about Eddie it would leave out his exciting surfing career and may very easily lose their audience.

Phrenology

We looked at a bust with parts of the the head colored and were asked to figure out what it was. I noticed a name L.N. Fowler and researched it. It brought me to a website with a biography of Lorenzo Niles Fowler. I then learned about phrenology and how it became popular and how it died out. The provenance of this replica was made by Authentic Models in Oregon. Provenance is the origin of something or the earliest history. Though this is a replica and considered as a secondary source for phrenology it could be a primary sourced if you were to find what types of products Authentic Models make.

Professionalizing Police and Fire Departments

The United States had a large population growth between 1880 and 1920. Urbanization was a large result of this population growth. People moved to cities and new inventions were being created but there were also several side effects to urbanization. Cities that were quickly populated had growing crime rates and the citizens became very concerned. The rates of fires were also increasing in the cities and because of this police and fire departments became professionalized.

            As the city grew in population the number of police officers grew as well and their roles were quickly changing. Up until the early 19^th century police were called on to run soup kitchens, inspect boilers, standardize weights and measures, and recover lost children. Police officers were seen as social workers and the received pay by the number of arrests made. Before official police departments, officers were loosely organized and worked for the courts and made arrests based on the fee reward of the arrests. This way of loosely policing the community changed as urbanization was happening and new inventions were being created.

Police Radio Car

            There were several key factors and changes that helped police officers become more efficient on patrol and allowed the creation of having organized station houses. The first key change was the change to hierarchical organization and communication that closely resembled like the military. This allowed for superiority throughout department. In other words this means that there was a station house that an officer would report to and that the station could communicate to the officer on patrol. Communication was now possible due to the invention of the telegraph and the telephone. Officers were now under the executive branch instead of the judicial branch and were free from civil courts. Police officers were being more proactive on the streets rather than sitting in court for a civil case. The second factor was the creation of uniforms. Policemen were now visible and accessible to all people. This allowed parents to locate and officer from the large crowds on the streets if their child was lost. Lastly was the invention of the automobile. Automobile significantly increased the activity of police officers because there were able to be more mobile and independent. Motorcycles were used to chase traffic violators and officers now obtained radio cars to receive a report on while patrolling the streets for illegal activity. Police departments were only one part of a city’s community service that was professionalized.

Brooklyn Fire Department

            Fire departments played a large role in the period of urbanization. People were quickly moving into the cities and space for housing became limited, the only option was to build up instead of out. So contractors started doing that, buildings were being built taller but there was a lack of cooling and heating so centralized heating units were invented. Imagine you are living in a small little apartment with five people and have a heating unit on. Space is tight and you’re not the only apartment suffering. After the combination of heating units and skyscrapers combined fire rates went up really fast. This caused the creation of professional fire departments.

Steam Fire Engine

            Benjamin Franklin had started fire stations, but they were mainly volunteer stations, and though there still are many professional stations there are still some that are volunteer based. Franklin believed that everyone should carry around a leather bucket so that if the occasion did arise they had the proper materials to put out a fire. This belief led to the creation of volunteer fire station but this idea was not favored as urbanization came along. Just like the police officers there were many key factor that made volunteers undesirable. First was the refusal of internal change. New technology was being developed and new inventions were created for the stations as well, for example like the steam fire engine. The New York City fire station was built a new steam fire engine but they refused to take it because the volunteers that would then be needed were reduced. Secondly the firehouses were seen as meeting places that would corrupt younger kids. Citizens of the city feared this and wanted the have professional fire departments. Third was the amount of rivalries between stations got out of hand and so there needed to be some organization. Each firehouse decided to make a private enterprise but this was impossible because the government had already given volunteers a fixed salary and invested into some fire departments so that they remained stable. By the government investing in some departments it took out the competition of others but there were still some town that were able to keep volunteer departments because the city government did not have enough money to fund them.

New York Police Patrol 1900

            Urbanization had many effects on cities across the United States. The amount of people that were moving into the country during 1880 to 1920 was tremendous and a lot of problems were created. As a result crime rates went up and so did the frequency of fires. Professional police departments were created and fire departments as well. Today some us believe that the way we see policing hasn’t changed a while to be honest it was just about one hundred years ago that the standards were changed. We take for granted police departments, professional fire departments, and volunteer fire departments because we cannot imagine life without all the technology and with it present the world could spin out of control without and public services to ix our dumb mistakes.

Northwestern and Chicago Crime Lab

Sources:

History of Urban Police
I used this source to help me get a better understanding of the history of policing.

Police- Encyclopedia of Chicago
This website was used for me to see an example of how policing was changed in a certain city.

Reform- Professionalism
This reform article helped me specifically see how reform and professionalism was created with police departments.

Development of Fire Departments
I used this article to better inform me of how fire departments were created and how they were changed.

Deployment Changes
The article on deployment changes allowed me to understand the changes of deployment and to see if there were different views of how deployment changed.

History of Policing
I used this link to teach myself the way policing has changed and why. This article made me come up with my own inferences about urbanization.

Population Migration/ Race

A lot of people moved from South Asia to Africa or Western Asia. I also learned that a person's DNA can change after throughout time. It is all based on where you live and you are able to adapt to certain living conditions. Race is a modern idea. It is not based on genetic DNA or where you are from. PBS says that race was born with the idea of freedom.

Philanthropy Thoughts

Philanthropy is an act of giving for better living and better human welfare where as charity is giving for the basic needs. Philanthropy is wanting to give so that the world can be a better place to live where charity is giving enough so that you can just get by. I have learned that there is a wide range of areas that people want to give to as philanthropists. One topic that surprised me that was that a coupe of people want to give to foundations of music and sports.

Thinking About Success

1. Hard Work
2. Opportunity
3. Skill
4. Luck

Hard work is the most important in becoming successful. Without hard work the opportunities and skills that one person may have will not matter if there is no work and thoughtful work put in. Opportunity is second because a person that works hard for what they want won't matter on the skill level that they started with. A person that works hard will take every opportunity he or she may get in order to become successful. Without the opportunities all the hard work can mean nothing because you will be building up but have no release or growth from the build up. Skill is the third most important thing when it comes to being successful. A person can have skill but choose not to put in the work and not have the determination for the accomplishments the skill they have can achieve. Without putting in the hard work and not having the determination to take the opportunities given being successful is close to none. Lastly comes luck. Luck has nothing to do with being successful. Luck may help a person become successful if they are lazy or aren't that motivated but by that point that person wasn't really looking to be successful.

Business Innovation Research

According to Bloomberg Business Zara was the first company to introduce fast fashion. The goal for Zara and fast fashion is for store managers to order new clothing at a specific time every two weeks. The managers are less concerned about the cost of the clothes and more concerned about the timely manner and responsiveness in that the clothes are delivered. For fast fashion to work Zara most of the manufacturing is done in Spain. This small supply chain is important because it allows Zara to have more control of the rate that clothes are made. Zara will be expanding to China meaning that its supply chain will grow and that the goal of fast fashion may slow down a bit.

Forbes says the H&M has taken a similar approach as Zara did but they appeal to the needs of the customer too. To accomplish this goal H&M, unlike Zara, outsources their manufacturing to Europe and Asia. The 60% in Europe following the model of Zara where they can have some control, but they outsource 40% to Asia. To keep bringing in new trends the store will have and spring and fall edition or collection. Within each collection or edition the store will have smaller sub-collections. The longer collections feeds the needs of the consumers while the sub-collections bring in new style and allows the customer to see what is trending. To keep the trends flowing in the store at the right times there are 20 to 30 production offices near each store so that clothes are delivered on time.

"Made in America" means that the product can have parts made from somewhere else but is assembled in the US. An example of this is the Boeing manufacturing plant in Washington. The 787 and 747 in particular have parts made form Japan, China, and countries in Europe. All parts are sent to the plant in Washington so that they can be assembled there. Therefore technically speaking the plane in made in America but some parts are manufactured in other countries.